参考资料

sive spin-0 particle; Dirac equation for a massive spin-1/2 particle; Maxwell eqs. for a massless spin-1 particle, etc. In field theory, the Proca action describes a massive spin-1 field of mass m in Minkowski spacetime. The field involved is a real vector field. Maxwell eqs. and Proca eqs. may be found in many textbooks [5] as impor-

The Proca equation is a generalization of the Maxwell equationfor massivespin$1$ particles. Formulated differently, the Maxwell equation is only a special case of the Proca equation for massless particles/fields. The Proca equation is important because it correctly describes massive spin $1$ particles/fields. Edit.

In physics, specifically field theory and particle physics, the Proca action describes a massive spin-1 field of mass m in Minkowski spacetime.The corresponding equation is a relativistic wave equation called the Proca equation. [1] The Proca action and equation are named after Romanian physicist Alexandru Proca.. The Proca equation is involved in the Standard Model and describes there the